![]() ![]() In 1957, Deng was part of the PRC delegation to Moscow that denounced the de-Stalinization program of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971 see entry). One of Deng's priorities was to reduce Soviet control of PRC's railways and industry. In 1956, he joined the six-member Politburo Standing Committee.Īs a major policy maker, Deng focused primarily on domestic economic development. In 1955, Deng was appointed to the Politburo, the important policy-making body of the Communist Party. For example, he became the Central Committee's general secretary in 1954 he also served as minister of finance and as deputy to Premier Zhou Enlai. Nevertheless, in 1952 Deng was summoned to Beijing and was appointed to various senior posts in the Communist Party and in Mao's government. However, Deng at times clashed with Mao because Deng had adopted a moderate political position in contrast to Mao's more radical revolutionary agenda. Deng busily instituted farming reform in the region and steadily climbed in influence. The United States established formal relations with the ROC and refused to recognize the Communist PRC government.ĭeng was appointed head of the Communist Party in southwest China in 1949, and the following year the Red Army finally gained full control of that region. ![]() Communist leader Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Chinese mainland, and the defeated Chiang led a million refugees to the island of Taiwan, located off the south coast of China, where he formed the Republic of China (ROC). In October 1949, the Chinese Communists succeeded in overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government. The fiery Deng was only 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 meters) tall and earned the nickname "Little Cannon." The Communists gain power In 1945, he joined the Central Committee, which ran the day-to-day operations of the Communist Party. Meanwhile, Deng moved up through the Communist Party ranks. His Second Field Army led the attack against Chiang's Nationalist government. Deng served as political officer (commissar) for the Red Army during World War II, and he remained in that position when the Chinese civil war resumed in 1946. With a common goal of protecting China from foreign influence, the Communists and Nationalists maintained their alliance throughout World War II (1939–45). In 1937, the Communists and Nationalists in China once again joined forces they were united by necessity-the Japanese had invaded China and were threatening to take over the country. ![]() Almost eighty-six thousand communists took part in the Long March only nine thousand survived the grueling journey. The communists retreated, setting out on the Long March, a 6,000-mile (9,654-kilometer) trek from Jiangxi to northwestern China, where they hoped to establish a new base. His forces defeated the communist Red Army in Jiangxi. However, Chiang remained intent on crushing the Chinese communist movement. In Jiangxi, Deng became head of the Red Army's Propaganda Bureau, which was charged with the responsibility of establishing a communist government in the province, in opposition to the Chinese Nationalist government. At first, Deng went underground, or lived in secrecy, in Shanghai then he joined Mao Zedong and other communists in the southern province of Jiangxi. (Nationalism refers to the strong loyalty of a person or group to its own country.) Deng taught at the Chungshan Military Academy in 19 until Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek (1887–1975 see entry) abruptly purged communists from the army alliance in April 1927. In 1925, Deng went to Moscow, where he studied at the Oriental University for two years before returning to China.ĭuring the mid-1920s, the Chinese Communist Party had joined forces with the Chinese Nationalist army in an effort to overthrow the unpopular Manchu dynasty rulers. Showing strong organizational skills, Deng was soon elected to a leadership position. There, he met future Chinese premier Zhou Enlai (1898–1976 see entry), and in 1922 he joined the branch of the Chinese Communist Youth League Zhou had formed. In 1921, he went to Paris, France, on a work-study program. Young revolutionaryĭeng Xiaoping was born in August 1904 to a wealthy landowner, Deng Xixian, in the Szechwan Province of China. Under former leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976 see entry), the PRC had operated in political and economic isolation under Deng, the communist nation began to participate in international markets. Besides introducing major economic reforms, Deng strove to increase the PRC's economic ties with the West while keeping distant relations with the Soviet Union. D eng Xiaoping was the leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1977 until his death in 1997. ![]()
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